face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 359-360, VEWT 63, 66, ЭСТЯ II 62. Bark is traditionally linked with ba:r 'there is', bary 'belongings', but cf. the Az. word which can be hardly explained in this way.
face="Times New Roman Star"abus?qa, awucqa 1 dial. (Sib.)
face="Times New Roman Star"abus?qa, avus?qa 4 (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"apsax, apc?ax, Koib. abysqa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"aps?yj 1, aps?aq 'bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"aps?yjaq 1; 'bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"obas?ka
face="Times New Roman Star"as?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"as?yn/aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"abys?qa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"abys?qa 1 dial.
face="Times New Roman Star"abys?qa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 60-61, EDT 6, Егоров 274-275, Федотов II 282, Аникин 72. Chuv. is not quite regular and may be an early loanword from Tat. Formally the Turk. word may be derived from *aba 'elder in the mother's line' (+ dimin. -c?).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 788, ЭСТЯ 7. Modern languages reveal some very irregular reflexes like Kaz., KKalp. sobyq 3, Tur. su"mek, so"mek 1, 2, 3 (with -m- also in Kum. su"mek, Nogh. simek, Uzb. sumak 1, 2 etc.; some languages have variants with c?- or s?- like Kirgh. c?o"mo"k 3, s?imek 1, 2). These all can be either irregular expressive variants with secondary diffusion or reflect contaminations with some other (not quite clear) roots.
face="Times New Roman Star"mo":j 2, bij 2, mo":z?|ek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|van 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bo":, bo"j, bo"ju", bo"jo"n 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ji 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bij 2, 'queen bee', bo"z?|ek 'beetle'
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jo" 2, bo"z?|a"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"z?|ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bij 2
face="Times New Roman Star"mij 2
face="Times New Roman Star"mija 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 323, VEWT 82-3, Лексика 184. Partly contaminated with *bo"ke-l 'gad-fly ' (v. sub *pi_u>/k`i/). The form in -c?ek is a diminutive. Turk. > Hung. bo"go"ly 'gad-fly', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 iron arrow-head 2 arrow with iron head
face="Times New Roman Star"1 железный наконечник стрелы 2 стрела с железным наконечником
face="Times New Roman Star"xosta 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kustuk 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 283. Turk. > Mansi kuo|s?lo|x. A Siberian word; but deriving it from *Kul/ 'bird' is hardly possible, despite Stachowski 162.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edge
face="Times New Roman Star"1 отдельно стоящая гора 2 вершина горы, гребень горы, возвышенность 3 степь, пустыня, равнина 4 край
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK, KB), 'rising ground' (IM,14 c.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl.), qir (Pav. C.) 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill'
face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Лексика 95-96, ЭСТЯ 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ЭСТЯ 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira.
face="Times New Roman Star"gi:z?|i 1, Gyz?|yq 1, gi:z?|e- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"k@z/@ 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u"w 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260, 269, ЭСТЯ 3, 42-43, 6, 186-187, TMN 3, 567, EDT 591, 695. The back row variant is interacting with PT *Kyc?- 'to scrape, itch' q. v. sub *k`i_u\c?u\.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 knee cap 2 knee 3 ankle-bone
face="Times New Roman Star"1 коленная чашечка 2 колено 3 лодыжка
face="Times New Roman Star"topyq 3 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"topyq 3 (MK), 1 (KB, IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"topuk 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tubyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) topuq (Houts., AH) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"to.piq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"topuq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"to:q 1
face="Times New Roman Star"topuG 3
face="Times New Roman Star"topuq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tomyx 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"topuq, tomuq 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tobuk 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tobuk 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dowuq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"to'puq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"topuq, tomuq 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tobyq 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tobyq 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tubyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tobuq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"topuq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tobuq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tobyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tobuq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 437-8, Лексика 286, Stachowski 224. Both Ra"sa"nen and Clauson derive this word from PT *top 'pellet, round thing', but this is not likely because of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 large earthenware jar for storing flour 2 bin, crib for flour, grain
face="Times New Roman Star"1 большой глиняный сосуд для муки 2 ларь, закром для муки, зерна
face="Times New Roman Star"kendu"k (MK - Ganch.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ndu"k 'jug' (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kandik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"ndi 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"ndi 'basket'
face="Times New Roman Star"kandi 'round wooden bowl'
face="Times New Roman Star"kendik 'room for grain, fuel' (may be < Pers.)
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 729. Clauson regards the word as an unequivocal iranism. The Iranian forms are: Pekhl. kndwg ( > Armen. k'andouk), Pers. kandu:, kandu:k 'big earthenware vessel for storing grain', Osset. xaendyg 'pail for pickled cheese'. Persian is the source of Syr. kndwk-, Arab. kandu:z?| 'big vessel for grain'. Also related is Sak. khadi:rakya (*xandi:ra-) 'a vessel' (possibly, some basket-work, see Bailey 71, Аб. 4, 173). Abayev derives the above forms from Iran. *kan- 'to dig' - which is not quite plausible (in a participle we would expect the zero grade vocalism; unclear is the labial vowel in the suffix; semantics raises doubts). On the other hand, all the above Iranian forms can be well explained as Turkisms, including the Saka form - with the suffix -rak (a wellknown suffix for receptacles, see Bang 1918). External parallels provide the final support for such a decision. Middle Greek ko/ndu" 'pota":/rion' may be < Bulg., cf. the Chuv. semantics (see Фасмер sub кандия; cf. also other European words possibly having the same source).
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?s?an| 'poor, beggar'
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?s?aq 1, 2, qas?an| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaz?an| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xъli 'невзрачный, плохонький', xъlin 'хитрец, упрямец, лодырь, лентяй'
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?an| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qas?s?aq 1, 2, dial. qas?an 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qasan| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 673, ЭСТЯ 5, 348-350. Turk. > WMong. qas?an| 'slow, lazy' (Clark 1980, 42); some of the modern Turkic forms may be borrowed back from Mong. (as certainly is Chuv. xaz?an).
